Ranchi is the capital district of Jharkhand and holds significant administrative, cultural, and economic importance. Known for its scenic beauty, waterfalls, and rich tribal heritage, Ranchi is often referred to as the “City of Waterfalls”.

Here’s a detailed overview of Ranchi district:

Geography:

  • Location: Ranchi district is centrally located in Jharkhand and serves as the state’s administrative hub. It is surrounded by districts like Ramgarh, Khunti, Gumla, and Hazaribagh.
  • Terrain: The region is part of the Chotanagpur Plateau, characterized by undulating hills, forests, and rivers.
  • Elevation: Ranchi is situated at an average height of 651 meters above sea level, providing a pleasant climate throughout the year.
  • Rivers: Key rivers include the Subarnarekha, Koel, and Harmu.
  • Climate: Ranchi enjoys a moderate climate with cool summers and mild winters. The region’s elevation keeps temperatures relatively comfortable compared to other parts of Jharkhand.

History:

  • During British rule, Ranchi was a part of the Bengal Presidency and later became a part of the Chotanagpur division.
  • Ranchi became the capital of Jharkhand when the state was carved out of Bihar in 2000.
  • The region was historically inhabited by Munda, Oraon, and Kharia tribes.
  • The district played a key role in the tribal uprisings against British colonial rule, notably the Birsa Munda rebellion.

Demographics:

  • Ranchi has a diverse population with a blend of tribal communities, locals, and migrants from various parts of India.
  • Population: As per the 2011 Census, the population of Ranchi district is approximately 2.9 million.
  • Languages: Predominantly spoken languages include Hindi, Nagpuri, Kurukh, and Sadri.

Administrative Divisions:

Subdivisions of Ranchi:

  1. Ranchi Sadar Subdivision
  2. Bundu Subdivision

Blocks: Ranchi district has 18 blocks.

  1. Angara
  2. Bero
  3. Bundu
  4. Burmu
  5. Chanho
  6. Hindpiri
  7. Itki
  8. Kanke
  9. Lapung
  10. Mandar
  11. Namkum
  12. Nagri
  13. Ormanjhi
  14. Ratu
  15. Ranchi Sadar
  16. Silli
  17. Sonahatu
  18. Tamar

Municipal Administration:

Ranchi has a well-developed municipal corporation that manages urban infrastructure and civic services.

Ranchi Municipal Corporation (RMC):

  • Headed by the Mayor and Municipal Commissioner.
  • Governs urban areas of Ranchi city.
  • Manages water supply, sanitation, roads, streetlights, and waste management.

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)/ Nagar Panchayat:

  1. Bundu Nagar Panchayat
  2. Silli Nagar Panchayat
  3. Khunti Nagar Panchayat

Economy:

  • Ranchi has a thriving IT sector, with companies like TCS, Wipro, and Infosys having established offices.
  • The city is a major industrial hub with industries like Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC), Steel Plants, and Mining Companies playing a crucial role.
  • Agriculture also remains important in rural areas, with crops like paddy, maize, and pulses widely cultivated.

Education:

  • Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra.
  • IIM Ranchi.
  • National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL).
  • Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP)
  • Ranchi University
  • NIT Ranchi
  • Central University of Jharkhand (CUJ)
  • Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS)
  • RIMS Ranchi

Tourism and Attractions:

Ranchi is famous for its scenic spots, waterfalls, and cultural landmarks:

  1. Hundru Falls: A majestic waterfall cascading from a height of 98 meters.
  2. Dassam Falls: A popular tourist attraction formed by the Kanchi River.
  3. Jonha Falls: Known as the Gautamdhara, associated with Gautama Buddha.
  4. Rock Garden: A beautiful site offering panoramic views of the city.
  5. Pahari Mandir: A revered temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located on a hill.
  6. Tagore Hill: Associated with Rabindranath Tagore, offering a peaceful environment and scenic view.

Culture and Festivals:

  • Festivals like Sarhul, Karma, Durga Puja, and Eid are widely celebrated.
  • The tribal community actively participates in traditional dances like Paika, Jhumar, and Chhau.
  • Ranchi is a melting pot of tribal and modern cultures.

Transport:

  • Air: Birsa Munda Airport offers regular flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and other major destinations.
  • Rail: Ranchi Junction is a key railway station with trains connecting major Indian cities.
  • Road: Well-connected via NH-33, NH-75, and other major highways.

Notable Personalities:

  • Birsa Munda, Sidhu Kanhu: legendary tribal leader and freedom fighters.
  • Mahendra Singh Dhoni: Former Indian cricket team captain and sports icon.
  • Jaipal Singh Munda: A prominent political leader and tribal rights activist.

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