Gumla district is located in the state of Jharkhand, India. It is one of the 24 districts of the state and holds significant historical, cultural, and geographical importance.

Here’s a detailed overview of Gumla district:

Geography:

  • Location: Situated in the southwestern part of Jharkhand, Gumla shares its borders with districts like Ranchi, Lohardaga, Simdega, and parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
  • Terrain: The district is characterized by hilly landscapes, dense forests, and several rivers. Key rivers include the Sankh, South Koel, and Neranjana.
  • Climate: The climate is generally moderate, with distinct summer, monsoon, and winter seasons.

History:

  • During British rule, Gumla was a part of the Ranchi district and became an independent district in 1983.
  • Gumla was historically dominated by indigenous tribes like the Oraon, Munda, and Kharia.
  • The region has a rich history linked to tribal culture and the freedom movement.

Demographics:

  • Tribal Population: A significant portion belongs to Scheduled Tribes, with the Oraon tribe being prominent.
  • Population: As per the 2011 Census, the population of Gumla district is approximately 1 million.
  • Languages: The main languages spoken are Nagpuri, Kurukh, Hindi, and Sadri.

Administrative Divisions:

The district is divided into subdivisions and blocks for administrative governance.

Subdivisions of Gumla:

  1. Gumla Sadar Subdivision
  2. Bishunpur Subdivision
  3. Chainpur Subdivision

Blocks:

Gumla district has 12 blocks and is responsible for governance, rural development, and implementation of government schemes.

List of Blocks in Gumla District:

  1. Bharno
  2. Bishunpur
  3. Chainpur
  4. Dumri
  5. Ghaghra
  6. Gumla
  7. Kamdara
  8. Kolebira
  9. Palkot
  10. Raidih
  11. Sisai
  12. Albert Ekka (Jari)

Municipal Administration:

  • Gumla Nagar Parishad (Municipality): It manages urban infrastructure in Gumla town. It is responsible for water supply, sanitation, roads, and waste management.

Economy:

  • Gumla is known for its production of lac, tamarind, and forest products.
  • Agriculture is the primary occupation, with crops like paddy, maize, and wheat being cultivated.
  • The region also has some small-scale industries and cottage businesses.

Tourist Attractions:

  1. Anjan Dham: Believed to be the birthplace of Lord Hanuman.
  2. Tanginath Dham: An ancient site with Shiva Linga and stone inscriptions.
  3. Nagpheni Hill: Known for its beautiful view and mythological significance.
  4. Dharni Pahar: A scenic spot ideal for trekking and nature enthusiasts.

Education and Institutions:

  • Gumla has several educational institutions, including colleges affiliated with Ranchi University.

Transport:

  • Gumla is well-connected by road, with National Highway NH-78 passing through it.
  • The nearest major railway station is in Ranchi, and Birsa Munda Airport in Ranchi serves as the closest airport.

Culture and Festivals:

  • Gumla is rich in tribal culture, with festivals like Sarhul, Karma, and Manda celebrated with great enthusiasm.
  • Traditional dances such as Paika, Chhau, and Jhumar are integral to the region’s cultural heritage.

Notable Features:

  • Gumla is home to dense forests that form part of the Chotanagpur Plateau ecosystem.
  • The district is often called the “Rice Bowl of Jharkhand” due to its fertile lands.
  • The name Gumla is believed to be derived from two words, Gaw(cows and cattles) and mela (fair). Later the name is transformed to Gumla.

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